Starting up with big data

Authors: Cosmin Chauciuc, Valentina Crisan

Throughout our training journeys with bigdata.ro one of the most encountered questions at the end of a course (that usually runs in the cloud on an already installed/configured setup) is: “how do I now setup my own small big data system”? Most of the time the question refers to a local installation – not something in the cloud – but to something that can be used for testing different small use cases and get someone started with their big data curiosity/exploration.

Now, getting started with big data in general can have 2 completely different approaches depending of the intended use case:

if you need HDFS – a distributed file storage system – in order to properly test a kind of a Hadoop eco-system. In this case I recommend going for the Cloudera / Hortonworks small installations. But even the smallest installations require 16GB RAM and a lot of laptops/PC’c cannot afford to allocate this amount of RAM – plus this minimal configuration works pretty slow. Thus, in case a dedicated server – e.g. getting a Hetzner server – might be a better choice versus local installations.
the second option (local storage, no HDFS) – when you just want to have a minimal installation and just understand what you could do with it – is to install a minimal combination of: Confluent Kafka + Cassandra + Zeppelin. Zeppelin comes with an embedded local Spark thus you will basically get something like in the below pic. This is the setup that will be the focus of this post.

small big data

The blog post below has been drafted and revised by me (Valentina Crisan) but actually all steps were described and detailed by one of my former students in the Big Data Architecture and Technologies open courses: Cosmin Chauciuc. I am so proud to see someone taking forward the basis laid by my course and wanting to expand and become proficient in the big data field.

The blog post will have 3 parts:

how to install a minimum big data solution on your own computer (current post)
building an end to end use case
visualizing data in Spark with Helium

We assume the reader already knows something about the solutions mentioned in this post (Kafka, Cassandra, Spark, Zeppelin) – thus we won’t go into the basics of what these are.

Build your own small big data solution

We will use Ubuntu Linux distribution for this installation – thus please follow Step 0 for one of the alternatives of installing Ubuntu on your system. Please note for a complete setup you will need a minimum of 8GB RAM – see in next chapter the RAM requirements for each service.

0. Install Ubuntu

Ubuntu is an open source linux distribution, based on Debian, very easy to set up and have a full linux operating system. There are various ways to have Ubuntu on your laptop with your current windows installation.

WSL – for windows 10 https://ubuntu.com/wsl
Install a complete Ubuntu terminal environment in minutes on Windows 10 with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL).
Docker
Docker is a set of platform as a service (PaaS) products that use OS-level virtualization to deliver software in packages called containers.
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/windows-ubuntu-hyperv-containers#1-overview
Using VirtualBox
VirtualBox can run different operating systems using virtualization. See below the steps to install:
1. Software to download : https://www.virtualbox.org/
2. Ubuntu ISO to download : https://ubuntu.com/#download
3. Set up a new machine in Virtualbox
  – Name : Ubuntu – it will auto fill type : linux
  – Allocate ram for virtual machine : minimum recommended 8GB

Now, why 8GB RAM? See below an estimated RAM for each of the services :

- - Apache Cassandra 2.3GB
  - Confluent Kafka 3.8GB
  - Apache Zeppelin 1.5GB
  - Ubuntu OS 1.1GB

4. Create a virtual hard disk, VDI, with dynamically allocated size. Depends on what you plan to install, allocate 20-30 GB size.

5. The last step is to attach to the newly created virtual machine, the ISO file: settings , storage : Live CD. This will let you boot from the ISO file.

Ubuntu can be used as a Live system or it can be installed on the VDI hard drive. The difference is that the live OS allows you to use it, but it is not persisting changes/files/new software installed, at reboot. If we want to proceed with installation of big data tools, we have to install the system.

After you have Ubuntu OS installed you need to process with the next Installation steps :
1. Confluent Kafka
2. Apache Cassandra
3. Apache Zeppelin – with embedded Apache Spark local
4. Apache Zeppelin configurations for Spark interworking with Kafka and Cassandra configurations

Note: you might observe that all solutions above are Apache besides Kafka that we chose to be a Confluent installation. The reasoning is simple – Confluent has a one node installation available that has all Kafka services in one node: Apache Kafka (Zookeeper + Kafka broker), Schema Registry, Connect, KSQL to name a few. This one node installation is meant for testing purposes (not for commercial/production ones). In production you will need to install these services from scratch (unless you choose a commercial license installation from Confluent), but this is a setup we found best to get you started and give you a good glimpse into what the Kafka ecosystem can give you as functionality. Nonetheless, if you don’t want to go for Confluent Kafka one node installation at the end of this post you have as well the Apache Kafka version – in this case you will have only Kafka – without the Connect, SchemaRegistry and KSQL.

1. Prerequisites for services installations

Install curl

sudo apt install curl

Install Java 8

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-8-jre

Java version check

$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_265"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_265-8u265-b01-0ubuntu2~20.04-b01)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.265-b01, mixed mode)

2. Kafka installation

We will download Confluent Kafka – one node installation (no commercial license needed) – it is one node that has all the Kafka components available: Zookeeper, Broker, Kafka Registry, KSQL, Connect

curl -O http://packages.confluent.io/archive/5.5/confluent-5.5.1-2.12.zip

Extract the contents of the archive

unzip confluent-5.5.1-2.12.zip
cd confluent-5.5.1/

We’ll use the default configuration files.

<path-to-confluent>/etc/

Starting the services: this Confluent script starts all the services, including KSQL.

~/confluent-5.5.1/bin$ ./confluent local start

    The local commands are intended for a single-node development environment
    only, NOT for production usage. https://docs.confluent.io/current/cli/index.html
 
 
Using CONFLUENT_CURRENT: /tmp/confluent.kCNzjS0a
Starting zookeeper
zookeeper is [UP]
Starting kafka
kafka is [UP]
Starting schema-registry
schema-registry is [UP]
Starting kafka-rest
kafka-rest is [UP]
Starting connect
connect is [UP]
Starting ksql-server
ksql-server is [UP]
Starting control-center
control-center is [UP]

Another way to install Kafka – not using the Confluent script – is to start first Zookeeper and then add each Kafka broker. See the details in Paragraph 7.

3. Apache Cassandra

Add the Apache repository of Cassandra to the file cassandra.sources.list

echo "deb https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/debian 311x main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cassandra.sources.list

Add the Apache Cassandra repository keys to the list of trusted keys on the server

curl https://downloads.apache.org/cassandra/KEYS | sudo apt-key add -

Update

sudo apt-get update

Install Cassandra

sudo apt-get install cassandra

Start Cassandra service

sudo service cassandra start
sudo service cassandra stop // only if you want to stop the service

Check the status of Cassandra

nodetool status

Datacenter: datacenter1
=======================
Status=Up/Down

|/ State=Normal/Leaving/Joining/Moving
--  Address    Load       Tokens       Owns (effective)  Host ID                               Rack
UN  127.0.0.1  70.03 KiB  256          100.0%            1c169827-bf4c-487f-b79a-38c00855b144  rack1

Test CQLSH

$ cqlsh
Connected to Test Cluster at 127.0.0.1:9042.
[cqlsh 5.0.1 | Cassandra 3.11.7 | CQL spec 3.4.4 | Native protocol v4]
Use HELP for help.
cqlsh>

4. Apache Zeppelin

Download Zeppelin package from https://zeppelin.apache.org/download.html

$ wget http://mirrors.m247.ro/apache/zeppelin/zeppelin-0.9.0-preview2/zeppelin-0.9.0-preview2-bin-all.tgz

Extract archived files

$ tar xzvf zeppelin-0.9.0-preview2-bin-all.tgz

Start Zeppelin service

$ cd zeppelin-0.9.0-preview2-bin-all
$ ./bin/zeppelin-daemon.sh start
Log dir doesn't exist, create /home/kosmin/zeppelin-0.9.0-preview2-bin-all/logs
Pid dir doesn't exist, create /home/kosmin/zeppelin-0.9.0-preview2-bin-all/run
Zeppelin start                                             [  OK  ]

Default port is 8080. At this point Zeppelin can be accessed from browser : http://localhost:8080

Configuring users for Zeppelin

Default login is with an anonymous user. The configuration for users is found in conf folder from <zeppelin_path>

$  ~/zeppelin-0.9.0-preview2-bin-all$ cd conf/
$ mv shiro.ini.template shiro.ini
$ vi shiro.ini
#uncomment the line with admin = password1, admin
save
restart zeppelin service

sc.version
res3: String = 2.4.5

5. Configuring Zeppelin for connection with Kafka and Cassandra – through the embedded Apache Spark

An Apache Zeppelin interpreter is a plugin that enables you to access processing engines and data sources from the Zeppelin UI. In order to connect our installed Zeppelin to Kafka we will need to add some artifacts in the Spark interpreter in Zeppelin configurations. More info on Zeppelin interpreters can be found here:

Configurations for Kafka in Zeppelin

Finding the spark version

sc.version - in the zeppelin notebook
res1: String = 2.4.5

Open the interpreter config page
Under the USERNAME , open the menu and click Interpreter
- Search for SPARK and click edit
- At Dependencies part , add this under Artifact and click save

org.apache.spark:spark-sql-kafka-0-10_2.11:2.4.5

Configurations for Cassandra in Zeppelin

Finding the spark version

sc.version - in the zeppelin notebook
res1: String = 2.4.5

Open the interpreter config page
- Under the USERNAME , open the menu and click Interpreter
- Search for SPARK and click edit and at Dependencies part , add this under Artifact and click save :

 com.datastax.spark:spark-cassandra-connector_2.11:2.5.1

Version compatibility for the Spark-Cassandra connector can be found here.

6. End to end exercise to test setup

Using Kafka producer console : Open a topic words and start typing data into it ( make sure you set 3 partitions for this topic).

kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1/bin$ ./kafka-topics --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 3 --topic bigdata
Created topic bigdata.
kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1/bin$ ./kafka-console-producer --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic bigdata
enter some words here :) 
CTRL+C // if you want to close producing events in the topic

Using Zeppelin, open a Notebook: Create a stream DF in Spark that points to words topic in Kafka. Create a query and read all the parameters for each topic – key (null in our case)

val kafkaDF = spark.readStream.format("kafka")
      .option("kafka.bootstrap.servers", "localhost:9092")
      .option("subscribe","bigdata")
      .option("startingOffsets","earliest")
      .load().select($"key".cast("STRING").as("key"), 
                     $"value".cast("STRING").as("value"), 
                     $"topic",
                     $"partition",
                     $"offset",
                     $"timestamp")

val query_s0 = kafkaDF.writeStream.outputMode("append").format("console").start()
query_s0.awaitTermination(30000)
query_s0.stop()

Test for Cassandra

import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._
val tables = spark.read.format("org.apache.spark.sql.cassandra").options(Map( "table" -> "tables", "keyspace" -> "system_schema" )).load()
tables.show(10)

7. Another way to install Kafka – not using the Confluent script – is to start first Zookeeper and then add each Kafka broker

Zookeper

kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1$ ./bin/zookeeper-server-start  ./etc/kafka/zookeeper.properties

In another terminal window, we can check if Zookeeper started. By default, it listens on 2181 port.

$ ss -tulp | grep 2181
tcp    LISTEN   0        50                     *:2181                  *:*      users:(("java",pid=6139,fd=403))

Kafka

For starting Kafka service, run this in another terminal :

kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1$ ./bin/kafka-server-start ./etc/kafka/server.properties

Check if Kafka started in another terminal window. Default Kafka broker port is 9092.

kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1$ ss -tulp | grep 9092
tcp    LISTEN   0        50                     *:9092                  *:*      users:(("java",pid=6403,fd=408))

Test Kafka topics

kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1/bin$ ./kafka-topics --create --zookeeper localhost:2181 --replication-factor 1 --partitions 1 --topic Hello
Created topic Hello.
kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1/bin$ ./kafka-topics --list --zookeeper localhost:2181
Hello
__confluent.support.metrics
_confluent-license
kosmin@bigdata:~/confluent-5.5.1/bin$

At this moment you should have your own private small cluster ready for learning some of the solutions in Big Data Architectures. Although with such setup you cannot see the wonder of distributed systems, you can though understand the purpose of Kafka/Cassandra/Spark/Zeppelin in a big data architecture.

Next post in these series will be about building an end to end case with this setup.

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